Introduction The essence of magnetism in all materials originates from the atomic level, where atoms, composed of nuclei and electrons, exhibit magnetic moments. These moments are a result of the electrons’ orbital motion around the nucleus, which creates an orbital magnetic moment, and the intrinsic spin of the electrons, which produces a spin magnetic moment. It is the magnetic moments of electrons that are the primary source of magnetism in materials. One critical aspect of magnetic materials is their behavior

Introduction Since the introduction of wireless charging in the iPhone 8 in 2017, Apple has incorporated this feature across all its iPhone models. Traditional wireless charging relies on the alignment of transmitting and receiving coils, which often results in suboptimal charging efficiency if the placement is not precise. This can lead to decreased charging efficiency, slower charging, and excessive heat generation, hindering the development and user experience of wireless charging technology. To address these issues, Apple introduced the innovative MagSafe

Introduction Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnets available today, made from an alloy that includes neodymium, iron, and boron. Their superior magnetic properties arise from the precise chemical composition and microstructural characteristics of the Nd2Fe14B compound. The performance of NdFeB magnets, including their magnetic strength, thermal resistance, and durability, is highly dependent on their chemical composition. Even slight variations in the elemental makeup can significantly impact their performance in various applications, ranging from consumer electronics to